Taino Nation Celebration Nov, 15 2008
Taino Areyto 2008
The Wanakan Cultural Center of the Taino Nation of the Antilles, cordially invites you and your whole family to attend our 16th annual Taino Areyto, the largest gathering of Taino from Boriken, Kuba, Kiskeya and the rest of the Antilles, in the Diaspora of the U.S... This year we will be Dedicating our Areyto to our ancestral spirit honoring all those who have recently passed. Please join us in honoring all of our Elders. So make sure you bring the elders of your family and let us all bless them and honor them in life as we now honor our Ancestors. Come and immerse yourself in music, song and dance as the Mayowakan drums beats to the rhythm of your heart and the Taino blood that runs through our veins. Then dance with us hand in hand as we celebrate the resurgence and restoration of the Taino Nation. For those of you who are not Taino come join us in celebrating our resurgence. Celebrate our Heritage, our Culture and our language. Come and meet and reconnect with the descendants of the Taino people. Enjoy our Arts and Crafts and meet some of our Artist and Venders and take home that very special item to your family and friends. Attend one of our Lectures on Language with Kacike Boriwex or join Waxeru Anani in her discussion on family mental health. For those of you who have joined us throughout the years we look forward to rekindling old friendship and for those coming for the very first time we look forward to forging new friendships so come join us. See you on Saturday November 15th, 2008, as we once again celebrate “El Dia del Pueblo Taino”, Day of the Taino People.
Que toquen los Wamos, despierta Taino celebra lo tuyo, Han Han Katu.
Our Areyto will be held at the Beacon School Program on 12th Street in the Lower East side of Manhattan, between 1st Ave. and Ave. A, from 11AM to 4PM. For more Information please call 917-301-5934.
Friday, November 7, 2008
Monday, July 28, 2008
Museum's Crystal Skull to go on Display for the First Time Ever!
For centuries the legend of the crystal skull has captivated explorers, adventurers and even scientists. Were crystal skulls handmade by ancient Aztecs? The work of supernatural powers? Or carefully crafted fakes? New light will be shed on the myths behind these fascinating objects when the Smithsonian’s own crystal skull goes on public display for the first time, ever. “The Truth About Crystal Skulls” exhibit will open July 10 and continue through Sept. 1 at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History.
Crystal skulls are sculptures of the human skull carved from blocks of clear or milky quartz, often called rock crystal. Claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts, identified as Aztec, Toltec, Mixtec or occasionally Maya, the truth is that none of the specimens made available for scientific study have been authenticated as pre-Columbian in origin or were ever recovered from an archaeological site, i.e. no archaeologist has ever dug one of these skulls out of the ground. Scientists theorize they were manufactured in the mid-19th century or later, in Mexico and Europe. The skulls are claimed to exhibit paranormal phenomena by some people and have been depicted as such in fiction and films. Perhaps the most widely known of such portrayals is the film “Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull” which premiered in theaters in May.
The Smithsonian’s crystal skull arrived in the mail with an unsigned letter in 1992, stating that it was purchased in Mexico in 1960 and that it was Aztec. In comparison with the earlier skulls collected in the 19th century, the Smithsonian skull is enormous; at 31 pounds and nearly 10 inches high, it dwarfs all other known crystal skulls. Walsh and her British Museum colleague Margaret Sax believe it was manufactured in Mexico shortly before it was sold.
The arrival of the crystal skull at the Smithsonian instigated Walsh’s research into determining the artifact’s origin and establishing its authenticity. With the assistance of Scott Whittaker, the manager of the museum’s Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) laboratory, Walsh has carefully studied the lapidary (stone-cutting) techniques on crystal skulls and other hard stone carvings of purported pre-Columbian origins. Modern stone carving tool marks have been identified meaning they could not have been carved before the mid-19th century and therefore cannot be of pre-Columbian origin.
Tuesday, July 8, 2008
SUSSEX POWWOW
SUSSEX POWWOW
NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE FESTIVAL
July 12th & 13th, 2008
Sussex County Fairgrounds
Augusta, NJ
Saturday 11am to 8pm
Sunday 11am to 7pm
Rain or Shine
GRAND ENTRY Saturday & Sunday 1pm
$10 Adults $6 Kids/Seniors
Kids 6 & under Free
Free Parking
Directions:
From NYC: GW to 80 West to Exit 34B RT 15 North to 206 North Follow signs for the Sussex County Fairgrounds
DANCER INFORMATION
Emcee - John Block
Host Drums - Iron River & BlackBear
NO REGISTRATION FEE FOR DANCERS
ADULT - (Traditional, Grass, Jingle, Fancy) (18+)
1ST-$800 2ND-$600 3RD-$400 4TH-$200
TEEN - (Traditional, Grass, Jingle, Fancy) (13-17)
1ST-$300 2ND-$200 3RD-$100
JR BOYS COMBINED & JR GIRLS COMBINED (6-12)
1st-$150 2nd-$100 3rd-$75
TINY TOTS
TROPHY/CASH SPECIALS
TBA
DIRECTIONS
41.136011,-74.717417 - Google Maps
Host Hotel - ASK FOR THE POWWOW RATE
EconoLodge
448 Route 206 South
Newton, NJ, US, 07860
(973) 383-3922
ACCOMMODATIONS:
SUSSEX MOTEL, 973-875-4191
ROLLING HILLS MOTEL, 973-875-1270
COBMIN RIDGE MOTEL, 973-948-3459
CAMPING AVAILABLE ON GROUNDS
Amazonia Brasil Exhibit
Amazonia Brasil Exhibit
Step into the Amazon at South Street Seaport. Misty, humid, green, the 13,000 square foot reconstruction of the Brazilian rain forest on Pier 17 echoes with bird calls and indigenous chanting. Visitors can plunge their hands into a pile of dried beans, watch a film about Amazonian insects, weave a basket with Rosangela Tapajos, an Amazonian village leader.
Amazonia Brasil seeks to teach people about one of the world's most precious resources - the Amazonian rainforest, a two-million-square-mile tropical ecosystem of breathtaking biodiversity. A free, related exhibition at the World Financial Center showcases Brazilian fashion and furniture designers who have used the Amazon as their inspiration. A free photography show at Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian completes the trio of Amazonia Brasil exhibits in Lower Manhattan. Amazonia Brasil is open through July 13. Admission to the interactive exhibit on Pier 17 is $16 for adults, $13 for seniors and $11 for children
Fancy Dance Good Luck Lion
PERFORMANCES
Fancy Dance Good Luck Lion
Thursday, July 10, 2008, 5:30 p.m.
Friday, July 11, 2008, 12:30 p.m.
Bowling Green Cobblestone (NMAI Pavilion, if rain)
This complementary program to Remix: New Modernities in a Post-Indian World, includes an experimental performance work created by Jason Lujan (Chiricahua Apache) which investigates the dynamic combination of Native American Fancy Dancers and Chinese Lion Dancers. Performers include Sky Medicine Bear (Diné), Donna Ahmadi, Louis Mofsie (Hopi/Hochunk), Tyson Draper (Diné), and White Crane Society.
Monday, June 16, 2008
Sunday, June 15, 2008
Happy Fathers Day Taino Style
Happy Fathers Day Taino Style
Our Father" in Taíno:
Guakia baba (Our Father)
turey toca (is in sky)
guami-ke-ni (Lord of land and water)
guami-caraya-guey (Lord of moon and sun)
guariko (come to)
guakia (us)
tayno-ti (good,tall)
bo-matun; (big,generous)
busica (give to )
guakia (us)
aje-cazabi; (tubercles,bread)
juracan-na (bad spirit,no)
maboya-ua (ghost,no)
jukiyu-jan; (good spirit,yes)
Diosa (of God)
nabori daca ( servant am I)
Jan-jan catu (So be it)
[from Prehistoria de Puerto Rico, Dr.
Cayetano Coll y Toste]
Our Father" in Taíno:
Guakia baba (Our Father)
turey toca (is in sky)
guami-ke-ni (Lord of land and water)
guami-caraya-guey (Lord of moon and sun)
guariko (come to)
guakia (us)
tayno-ti (good,tall)
bo-matun; (big,generous)
busica (give to )
guakia (us)
aje-cazabi; (tubercles,bread)
juracan-na (bad spirit,no)
maboya-ua (ghost,no)
jukiyu-jan; (good spirit,yes)
Diosa (of God)
nabori daca ( servant am I)
Jan-jan catu (So be it)
[from Prehistoria de Puerto Rico, Dr.
Cayetano Coll y Toste]
Thursday, June 5, 2008
A Simple Message: Leave the Puerto Rican Flag Alone
A Simple Message: Leave the Puerto Rican Flag Alone
----------------- Bulletin Message -----------------
From: taino ray
Date: Jun 5, 2008 7:53 AM
Fellow Boricuas
Its Puerto Rican Day Parade time again.. I know I shouldn't have to say this but I will anyway, I must.
Wave your flag with pride this weekend
Mount it on a flagpole, present it with dignity
Show the world our BORICUA PRIDE
Remember always where you come from & pass it on to your children
Be Boricua always ( don't forget after the parade is over)
NOVEMBER is Puerto Rican Heritage Month ( you can look it up)
Please don't desecrate our flag.
Don't drape on the hood of your car because it gets dirty from your cars emissions.
( a dirty, oily flag is not cool)
Men stop wearing it as skirts or capes, (Keep it real!!!! )
Women stop wearing it as a Bra.
(keep it real!!!)
Don't buy any flags with Roosters, Coquis, Bikini Women etc
(You got to be kidding me right)
IF WE DON'T RESPECT OUR FLAG NO ONE ELSE WILL!!!!!
We honor our Taino Hands, because they worked
We honor our Spanish hands, because they worked
We honor our African hands, because they worked
All of those hands make us FAMILY
All of those hands make us
BORICUAS!!!!
A Simple Message: Leave the Flag Alone
By DAVID GONZALEZ
Published: May 31, 2005
Jaran Manzanet is not a happy man these days. That is never a good thing since he is a big man with rock-hard hands and a steely attitude, traits that served him well over four decades in the ring as both a boxer and trainer.
So who is foolish enough to darken his mood?
Skip to next paragraph
Enlarge This Image
Librado Romero/The New York Times
Jaran Manzanet has set out to stop people from embellishing the Puerto Rican flag, whether with Tito Puente or a tree frog.
Librado Romero/The New York Times
Caps with faces in front of the flag are a gray area, Mr. Manzanet says; they're not exactly flags, but are not quite respectful. Still, he must pick his battles.
Tito Puente, for starters. Plus fighting cocks, conga drums, palm trees, tree frogs and 70 other characters that by his count are emblazoned on those Puerto Rican flags that flutter everywhere as the Puerto Rican Day Parade, on June 12, approaches. All of them - even the one with the boxer Félix "Tito" Trinidad - are not some happy combination of national symbols, Mr. Manzanet said, but a desecration of the island's flag.
As his own business card declares, Mr. Manzanet is the Bronx's own Defender of the Puerto Rican Flag - a self-imposed title that he nonetheless carries like a champ. A poster taped to the side of his car urges people not to denigrate the flag. He has led protests outside garment district stores that sell all sorts of flag trinkets. He even goes as far as to hand out simple, unadorned flags to people he sees on the street who might be waving an offending banner.
"In our community there is a lot of ignorance, and we have to awaken them," he said, sitting inside a clubhouse on East 142nd Street in Mott Haven. "People from other countries tell me, they always see the Puerto Ricans with the flag. I know we're proud.
But why do we need to buy these flags with drawings on them?"
He said he had first been troubled by the misuse of the flag in the ring, when the Puerto Rican flag was turned into boxing trunks. Then came the flags people waved at parades or stuck in their windows, the ones with cartoon characters. Since then, he has amassed a collection that includes all sorts of characters, from the ubiquitous homeboy to one in which a naked woman holding two pistols stands against the flag.
Two years ago, he wrote to every mayor, representative and senator in Puerto Rico, urging them to support his campaign to uphold the honor of the flag. Only two replied. Last month, he telephoned the city's Puerto Rican politicians to try to enlist their support for a protest outside a store that sold the offensive flags. Only one sent a representative.
Nonetheless, Mr. Manzanet and a few supporters protested on April 21 outside Boricua City, a store on West 29th Street in Manhattan that is among the country's biggest suppliers of Puerto Rican flags, T-shirts, caps and jewelry. Ricky Perez, a manager at the store, told the group that the flags with cartoon characters on them were leftover inventory that would no longer be sold. Mr. Manzanet was pleased.
"He said he was going to get rid of it," Mr. Manzanet said. "As long as the flag has nothing on it, that's good.
"
Inside Boricua City - which despite its Puerto Rican name is owned by a Korean businessman - the place was jammed with boxes upon boxes of Latin American flags and caps, almost all of which are made in Taiwan or China.
Although other flags are sold at the store, Puerto Rican items are the most popular, said Kevin Young, who said he was "a backup person" at the store. He said the Puerto Rican customers were different from other Latin Americans.
"They're not picky," he said. "When they purchase, it's easy. They do not complain. It's easy to do a sale.
"
Above him, beach towels and flags covered the ceiling. One of them featured three thong-clad women facing the Puerto Rican flag, a tableau whose patriotic tenor Mr. Manzanet failed to appreciate.
"That's not a flag," Mr. Young insisted. "That's a towel.
"
There were also various caps in which Puerto Rican icons like Tito Puente appeared against a backdrop of the flag.
"Tito, the flag is behind him," Mr. Perez said. "All the protesters said was you should not put anything on the flag. We try to accommodate everybody.
"
Still, Mr. Manzanet is skeptical about the caps.
"If he wants us to stop something like that, good luck," Mr. Perez said. "It's floating. It's a 3-D illusion. Anything with 3-D is the money.
"
To some extent, Mr. Perez wondered why all the fuss over a flag that he said was not the island's true colors. He personally prefers the nationalist flag that flew over Lares, P.R., during a 19th-century rebellion against Spanish rule. He also sells that flag, which he has tucked into a place of honor in a corner of the store.
"That's our flag for real," Mr. Perez said, pointing to it. "The nationalist flag. Notice, it's first in line and there is nothing on it.
"
The fight against Spanish rule led to the current flag, which was designed in 1895 by exiles living in New York City. Some think its popularity in New York speaks to a national identity that refuses to vanish even if the island is not a sovereign state.
"The historical situation of Puerto Ricans, whether on the island or in the diaspora, is they are without a nation in terms of traditional definitions," said Arlene Davila, an associate professor of American studies at New York University. "So culture becomes a pivotal space to claim that, and cultural symbols become even more politically loaded.
"
Juan Flores, a professor of Puerto Rican studies at Hunter College, has mixed feelings about the flags.
"I'm glad this national culture is being preserved and not going away," he said. "But at the same time I always hated flag wavers. The symbol becomes more important than what Puerto Rican identity is about.
"
Making sure that identity is declared with an unadorned flag will continue to be Mr. Manzanet's mission. A few days ago, he was standing by his car when Jose Lanausse, an elevator repairman, saw the poster urging people to boycott the altered flags.
"I understand his reasoning," Mr. Lanausse said. "It takes the glory out of the flag. When I was younger, it was only the flag. Now you go to the Puerto Rican Day Parade and you see all these other things on them.
"
Mr. Manzanet asked Mr. Lanausse where he was from. New York, he said, but his parents were from Salinas, P.R . Mr. Manzanet shouted across the street to his friend Angel Alvarado, who was also from that town. Mr. Alvarado came over.
"Tell him your name and where your family is from," he said to Mr. Lanausse.
The young man complied. Within seconds, Mr. Alvarado was reeling off names.
"I know a Jorge, Franklin and Jenny Lanausse," Mr. Alvarado said. "She was a teacher and a very elegant woman. The Lanausses were known.
"
The young man seemed stunned.
"I am from the most popular neighborhood in Salinas," Mr. Alvarado explained. "Next to the cemetery. If you did not visit when you were alive, you would pass by when you were dead.
"
Ms. Manzanet beamed at how this chance encounter over a flag led to someone learning some long-lost family lore. That was why he was determined to continue his defense of the flag, vowing to go to this year's parade with friends to hand out fliers.
----------------- Bulletin Message -----------------
From: taino ray
Date: Jun 5, 2008 7:53 AM
Fellow Boricuas
Its Puerto Rican Day Parade time again.. I know I shouldn't have to say this but I will anyway, I must.
Wave your flag with pride this weekend
Mount it on a flagpole, present it with dignity
Show the world our BORICUA PRIDE
Remember always where you come from & pass it on to your children
Be Boricua always ( don't forget after the parade is over)
NOVEMBER is Puerto Rican Heritage Month ( you can look it up)
Please don't desecrate our flag.
Don't drape on the hood of your car because it gets dirty from your cars emissions.
( a dirty, oily flag is not cool)
Men stop wearing it as skirts or capes, (Keep it real!!!! )
Women stop wearing it as a Bra.
(keep it real!!!)
Don't buy any flags with Roosters, Coquis, Bikini Women etc
(You got to be kidding me right)
IF WE DON'T RESPECT OUR FLAG NO ONE ELSE WILL!!!!!
We honor our Taino Hands, because they worked
We honor our Spanish hands, because they worked
We honor our African hands, because they worked
All of those hands make us FAMILY
All of those hands make us
BORICUAS!!!!
A Simple Message: Leave the Flag Alone
By DAVID GONZALEZ
Published: May 31, 2005
Jaran Manzanet is not a happy man these days. That is never a good thing since he is a big man with rock-hard hands and a steely attitude, traits that served him well over four decades in the ring as both a boxer and trainer.
So who is foolish enough to darken his mood?
Skip to next paragraph
Enlarge This Image
Librado Romero/The New York Times
Jaran Manzanet has set out to stop people from embellishing the Puerto Rican flag, whether with Tito Puente or a tree frog.
Librado Romero/The New York Times
Caps with faces in front of the flag are a gray area, Mr. Manzanet says; they're not exactly flags, but are not quite respectful. Still, he must pick his battles.
Tito Puente, for starters. Plus fighting cocks, conga drums, palm trees, tree frogs and 70 other characters that by his count are emblazoned on those Puerto Rican flags that flutter everywhere as the Puerto Rican Day Parade, on June 12, approaches. All of them - even the one with the boxer Félix "Tito" Trinidad - are not some happy combination of national symbols, Mr. Manzanet said, but a desecration of the island's flag.
As his own business card declares, Mr. Manzanet is the Bronx's own Defender of the Puerto Rican Flag - a self-imposed title that he nonetheless carries like a champ. A poster taped to the side of his car urges people not to denigrate the flag. He has led protests outside garment district stores that sell all sorts of flag trinkets. He even goes as far as to hand out simple, unadorned flags to people he sees on the street who might be waving an offending banner.
"In our community there is a lot of ignorance, and we have to awaken them," he said, sitting inside a clubhouse on East 142nd Street in Mott Haven. "People from other countries tell me, they always see the Puerto Ricans with the flag. I know we're proud.
But why do we need to buy these flags with drawings on them?"
He said he had first been troubled by the misuse of the flag in the ring, when the Puerto Rican flag was turned into boxing trunks. Then came the flags people waved at parades or stuck in their windows, the ones with cartoon characters. Since then, he has amassed a collection that includes all sorts of characters, from the ubiquitous homeboy to one in which a naked woman holding two pistols stands against the flag.
Two years ago, he wrote to every mayor, representative and senator in Puerto Rico, urging them to support his campaign to uphold the honor of the flag. Only two replied. Last month, he telephoned the city's Puerto Rican politicians to try to enlist their support for a protest outside a store that sold the offensive flags. Only one sent a representative.
Nonetheless, Mr. Manzanet and a few supporters protested on April 21 outside Boricua City, a store on West 29th Street in Manhattan that is among the country's biggest suppliers of Puerto Rican flags, T-shirts, caps and jewelry. Ricky Perez, a manager at the store, told the group that the flags with cartoon characters on them were leftover inventory that would no longer be sold. Mr. Manzanet was pleased.
"He said he was going to get rid of it," Mr. Manzanet said. "As long as the flag has nothing on it, that's good.
"
Inside Boricua City - which despite its Puerto Rican name is owned by a Korean businessman - the place was jammed with boxes upon boxes of Latin American flags and caps, almost all of which are made in Taiwan or China.
Although other flags are sold at the store, Puerto Rican items are the most popular, said Kevin Young, who said he was "a backup person" at the store. He said the Puerto Rican customers were different from other Latin Americans.
"They're not picky," he said. "When they purchase, it's easy. They do not complain. It's easy to do a sale.
"
Above him, beach towels and flags covered the ceiling. One of them featured three thong-clad women facing the Puerto Rican flag, a tableau whose patriotic tenor Mr. Manzanet failed to appreciate.
"That's not a flag," Mr. Young insisted. "That's a towel.
"
There were also various caps in which Puerto Rican icons like Tito Puente appeared against a backdrop of the flag.
"Tito, the flag is behind him," Mr. Perez said. "All the protesters said was you should not put anything on the flag. We try to accommodate everybody.
"
Still, Mr. Manzanet is skeptical about the caps.
"If he wants us to stop something like that, good luck," Mr. Perez said. "It's floating. It's a 3-D illusion. Anything with 3-D is the money.
"
To some extent, Mr. Perez wondered why all the fuss over a flag that he said was not the island's true colors. He personally prefers the nationalist flag that flew over Lares, P.R., during a 19th-century rebellion against Spanish rule. He also sells that flag, which he has tucked into a place of honor in a corner of the store.
"That's our flag for real," Mr. Perez said, pointing to it. "The nationalist flag. Notice, it's first in line and there is nothing on it.
"
The fight against Spanish rule led to the current flag, which was designed in 1895 by exiles living in New York City. Some think its popularity in New York speaks to a national identity that refuses to vanish even if the island is not a sovereign state.
"The historical situation of Puerto Ricans, whether on the island or in the diaspora, is they are without a nation in terms of traditional definitions," said Arlene Davila, an associate professor of American studies at New York University. "So culture becomes a pivotal space to claim that, and cultural symbols become even more politically loaded.
"
Juan Flores, a professor of Puerto Rican studies at Hunter College, has mixed feelings about the flags.
"I'm glad this national culture is being preserved and not going away," he said. "But at the same time I always hated flag wavers. The symbol becomes more important than what Puerto Rican identity is about.
"
Making sure that identity is declared with an unadorned flag will continue to be Mr. Manzanet's mission. A few days ago, he was standing by his car when Jose Lanausse, an elevator repairman, saw the poster urging people to boycott the altered flags.
"I understand his reasoning," Mr. Lanausse said. "It takes the glory out of the flag. When I was younger, it was only the flag. Now you go to the Puerto Rican Day Parade and you see all these other things on them.
"
Mr. Manzanet asked Mr. Lanausse where he was from. New York, he said, but his parents were from Salinas, P.R . Mr. Manzanet shouted across the street to his friend Angel Alvarado, who was also from that town. Mr. Alvarado came over.
"Tell him your name and where your family is from," he said to Mr. Lanausse.
The young man complied. Within seconds, Mr. Alvarado was reeling off names.
"I know a Jorge, Franklin and Jenny Lanausse," Mr. Alvarado said. "She was a teacher and a very elegant woman. The Lanausses were known.
"
The young man seemed stunned.
"I am from the most popular neighborhood in Salinas," Mr. Alvarado explained. "Next to the cemetery. If you did not visit when you were alive, you would pass by when you were dead.
"
Ms. Manzanet beamed at how this chance encounter over a flag led to someone learning some long-lost family lore. That was why he was determined to continue his defense of the flag, vowing to go to this year's parade with friends to hand out fliers.
Monday, June 2, 2008
Uncontacted Amazonian tribe photographed
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - Amazon Indians from one of the world's last uncontacted tribes have been photographed from the air, with striking images released on Thursday showing them painted bright red and brandishing bows and arrows.
The photographs of the tribe near the border between Brazil and Peru are rare evidence that such groups exist. A Brazilian official involved in the expedition said many of them are in increasing danger from illegal logging.
"What is happening in this region is a monumental crime against the natural world, the tribes, the fauna and is further testimony to the complete irrationality with which we, the 'civilized' ones, treat the world," Jose Carlos Meirelles was quoted as saying in a statement by the Survival International group.
One of the pictures, which can be seen on Survival International's Web site (http://www.survival-international.org), shows two Indian men covered in bright red pigment poised to fire arrows at the aircraft while another Indian looks on.
Another photo shows about 15 Indians near thatched huts, some of them also preparing to fire arrows at the aircraft.
"The world needs to wake up to this, and ensure that their territory is protected in accordance with international law. Otherwise, they will soon be made extinct," said Stephen Corry, the director of Survival International, which supports tribal people around the world.
Of more than 100 uncontacted tribes worldwide, more than half live in either Brazil or Peru, Survival International says. It says all are in grave danger of being forced off their land, killed and ravaged by new diseases.
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